EMDR

Reference list compiled by Atle Dyregrov PhD, Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen, Norway, e-mail address: atle@uib.no
 

Acierno, R., Hersen, M., Van Hasselt, V. B. & Tremont, G., & Meuser, K. T. (1994). Review of the validation and dissemination of eye–movement desensitization and reprocessing: a scientific and ethical dilemma. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 287–299.

Acierno, R., Tremont, G., Last, C., & Montgomery, D. (1994). Tripartite assessment of the efficacy of eye–movement desensitization in a multi–phobic patient. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, 259–276.

Aduriz, M. E., Bluthgen, C., & Knopfler, C. (2009). Helping child flood victims using group EMDR intervention in Argentina: treatment outcome and gender differences. International Journal of Stress Management, 16, 138-153.

Ahmad, A., Larsson, B., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007). EMDR treatment for children with PTSD: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61, 349–354.

Ahmad, A., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007). Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 10 September 2007.

Amundsen, J. E., & Kårstad, K. (2006). Om bare Jeppe visste – EMDR og rusbehandling. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 43, 469–475. 

Andrade, J., Kavanagh, D., & Baddeley, A. (1997). Eye–movements and visual imagery: A working memory approach to the treatment of post–traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 209–223.

Armstrong, M. S., & Vaughan, K. (1996). An orienting response model of Eye Movement Desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 27, 21–32.

Aubert-Khalfa, S., Roques, J., & Blin, O. (2008). Evidence of a decrease in heart rate skin conductance responses in PTSD patients after a single EMDR session. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 51–56.

Beere, D., B., Simon, M., J., & Welch, K. (2001). Recommendations and illustrations for combining hypnosis and EMDR in the treatment of psychological trauma. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43, 217–231.

Beutler, L. E. (2003). Introduction to the special series on EMDR. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 1451–1452.

Bossini, L., Fagiolini, A., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2007). Neuroanatomical changes after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 19, 475–476.

Broad, R. D., & Wheeler, K. (2006). An adult childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Psychiatric Care 42, 95–105.

Brown, K. W., McGoldrick, T., & Buchanan, R. (1997). Body Dysmorphic Disorder: seven cases treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 203–207.

Boudewyns, P. A., Stwerka, S. A., Hyer, L. A., Albrecht, J. W., & Sperr, E. V. (1993). Eye Movement Desensitization for PTSD of combat: A treatment outcome pilot study. The Behavior Therapist, 16.

Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Gordon, E., & Barry, R. J. (1995). Eye movement and electrodermal responses to threat stimuli of post–traumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 20, 209–213.

Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muraoka, M. Y. (1998). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Treatment for combat–related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 3–24

Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., & Hedlund, N. L. (1996). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing treatment for combat PTSD. Psychotherapy, 33, 104–113.

Cocco, N., & Sharpe, L. (1993). An auditory variant of Eye Movement Desensitization in a case of childhood post–traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 24, 373–377.

Colelli, G., & Patterson, B. (2008). Three cases reports illustrating the use of the protocol for recent traumatic events following the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 114–123.

Cotraccia, A. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing and a systemic biopsychosocial model. Journal of EMDR Practice Research, 6, (1), 27–36.

Cvetek, R. (2008). EMDR treatment of distressful experiences that fail to meet the criteria for PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 2–14.

Davidson, P. & Parker, K. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): a meta–analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 305 – 316.

DeBell, C. & Jones, R. D. (1997). As good as it seems? A review of EMDR experimental research. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 153–163.

Devilly, G. J., & Spence, S. H. (1999). The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive–behavior trauma treatment protocol in the Amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 131–157.

DiGiorgio, K. E., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C.R., Lyhus, K. E., & Walter, R. C. (2004). EMDR and theoretical orientation: A qualitative study of how therapists integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing into their approach to psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14, 227–252.

De Jongh, A., van den Oord, H. J. M., & teten Broeke, E. (2003). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of specific phobias: Four single–case studies on dental phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1489–1503  

De Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2008). Treatment of specific phobias with EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1, 46–56.

De Jongh,  A., Broeke Ten, E., & Renssen, M. R. (1999). Treatment of specific phobias with     eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Protocol, empirical status,        and conceptual issues. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1–2, 69–85.

De Roos, C., Greenwald, R., den Hollander-Gijsman, M., Noorthoorn, E., van Buuren, S. & Jongh A. (2011). A randomised comparison of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in disaster-exposed children. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 1–11.

Devilly, G. J., Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (1998). Statistical and reliable change with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treating trauma within a veteran population. Behavior Therapy, 29, 435–455.

Dunn, T: M., Schwartz, M., Hatfield, R. W., & Wiegele, M. (1996). Measuring effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in non–clinical anxiety: a multi–subject, yoked–control design. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27, 231–239.

Dyck, M. J. (1993). A proposal for a conditioning model of eye movement desensitization treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 24, 201–210.

Dyregrov, A. (1993). EMDR – en ny metode for traumebehandling. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 30, 975–981.

Egli-Bernd, H. (2011). EMDR in dissociative processes within the framework of personality disorders: The impact of cognitions in the EMDR process: The “dialogue protocol”. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5, 131–139.

Elofsson, U. O. E., von Scheele, B., Theorell, T., & Söndergard, H.P. (2008). Physiological correlates of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 622–634.

Errebo, N., Knipe, J., Forte, K., Karlin, V., & Altayli, B. (2008). EMDR­–HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 Tsunami. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 124–139.

Fernandez, I. (2008). Treatment of a tsunami survivor with acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 156–159.

Fernandez, I., Gallinari, E., & Lorenzetti, A. (2003). A school-based eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention for children who witnessed the Pirelli building airplane crash in Milan, Italy. Journal of Brief Therapy, 2, 129–136.

Feske, U., & Goldstein A. J. (1997). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for panic disorder: A controlled outcome and partial dismantling study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1026–1035.

Field, A., & Cottrell, D. (2011). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a therapeutic intervention for traumatized children and adolescents: a systematic review of the evidence for family therapist. Journal of Family Therapy, 33, 374–388.

Fleming, J. (2012). The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of traumatized children and youth, Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6, (1), 16–26.

Forbes, D., Creamer, M., & Rycroft, P. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study using assessment measures. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 113–120.

Forbes, D., Creamer, M., & Rycroft, P. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in PTSD: A pilot study using assessment measures. Journal of Behavior Therapy, 23, 113–120.

Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing four case studies of a new tool for executive coaching and restoring employee performance after setbacks. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research 48, 155–161.

Friedberg, F. (2001). (Ed.): Eye Movement Technique for Emotional Healing. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.

Gauvreau, P., & Bouchard, S. (2008). Preliminary evidence for the efficacy of EMDR in treating generalized anxiety disorders. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 26–40.

Gelbach, R. A. (2008). Trauma, research, and EMDR: A disaster responder’s wish list. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 146-155.

Grainger, R. D., Levin, C., Allan–Byrd, L., Doctor, R. M., & Lee, H. (1997). An empirical evaluation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with survivors of a natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 665–671.

Grand, D. (Ed.). (2001). Emotional healing at warp speed. The power of EMDR. New York: Harmony Books.

Grant, M., & Threlfo, C. (2003). EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1505–1520.

Greenwald, R. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): An overview. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 1, 15–34.

Greenwald, R. (1994). Applying eye movement desensitization  and reprocessing (EMDR) to the treatment of traumatized children: Five case studies.  Anxiety Disorders Practice Journal, 1, 83–97.

Greenwald, R. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): An overview. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 24.

Greenwald, R. (1996). The information gap in the EMDR controversy. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 27, 67–72.

Greenwald, R. (1999). Eye Movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) in child and adolescent psychotherapy. New Jersey: Jason Aronson Inc.

Goldstein, A. J., & Feske, U. (1994). Eye movement desensitizatiion and reprocessing for panic disorder: A case series. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, 351–162.

Gunter, R. W., & Bodner, G. E. (2008). How eye movements affect unpleasant memories: Support for a working-memory account. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 913–931.

Harper, M. L., Rasolkhani-Kalhorn, T., & Drozd, J. F. (2009). On the neural basis of EMDR therapy: Insights from qEEG studies. Traumatology, 15, 81–95.

Hassard, A. (1993). Eye movement desensitization of body image. Behavioral Psychotherapy, 21, 157–160.

Heber, R., Kellner, M., & Yehuda, R. (2003). Salivary cortisol levels and the cortisol response to dexamethasone before and after EMDR: A case report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1521–1530.

Hedstrom, J. (1991).  On the function of enemies. the articulation and containment of the unthought self. Journal of Psychohistory, 22, 37–38.

Hekmat, H., Groth, S., & Rogers, D. (1994). Pain ameliorating effects of eye movement desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 121–

Herbert, J. D., & Mueser, K. T. (1992). Eye Movement Desensitivization: a critique of the evidence. Journal of Behavioural Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 23, 169–174. 

Hornsveld, H. K., Houtveen, Jan. H., Vroomen, M., Kapteijn, I., & van den Hout, M. A. (2011). Evaluating the effect of eye movements on positive memories such as those used in resource development and installation. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5, (4), 146–155.

Hyer, L. (1995). Use of EMDR in a «dementing» PTSD survivor. Clinical Gerontologist, 16, 70–73.

Hyer, L., & Brandsma, J. M. (1997). EMDR minus eye movement equals good psychotherapy. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 515–522.

Högberg, G., Pagani, M., Sundin, Ö., Soares, J., Åberg-Wistedt, A., Tärnell, B., & Hällstrøm, T. (2007). On treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in public transportation workers – A randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61, 54–61.

Högberg, G., Pagani, M., Sundin, Ö., Soares, J., Åberg-Wistedt, A., Tärnell, B. et. al. (2008). Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Outcome is stable in 35 month follow-up. Psychiatry Research, 159, 101-108.

Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. (2006). EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults. Traumatology, 12, 121–129.

Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Lopez Lena, M. M. (2008). The EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: Application with child victims of a mass disaster. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 97–105.

Jarero, I., & Uribe, S. (2011). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Brief report of an application in a human massacre situation. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5, (4), 156–165.

Jarero, I., Uribe, S. (2011). The EMDR protocol for recent critical incidents: Follow-up report of an application in a human massacre situation.

Jayatunge, R. M. (2008). Combating Tsunami disaster through EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 140–145.

Jensen, J. A. (1994). An investigation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R) as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of Vietnam combat veterans. Behavior Therapy, 25, 311–325.

Johnson, L. (1992). Videotape Review; eye movement desensitization of post–traumatic stress syndrome, The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Newsletter, Summer. Vol. 12, p. 6.

Johnson, L. (1992). Video Review; response by Dr. Johnson, The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Newsletter, Summer 1992, Vol. 12, p. 7.

Karatzias, T., Power, K., Brown, K., McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., et al. (2011). A controlled comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of two psychological therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing vs. emotional freedom techniques. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199, 372–378.

Keenan, P., & Royle, L. (2007). Vicarious trauma and first responders: a case study utilizing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as the primary treatment modality. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 9, 291–298.

Kleinknecht, R. A. (1993). Rapid treatment of blood and injection phobias with eye movement desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 24, 211–217.

Kleinknecht, R. A., & Morgan, M. P. (1992). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23, 43–49.

Kim, D., Bae, H., & Park, Y, C. (2008). Validity of the subjective units of disturbance scale in EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 57–62.

Korn, D. L., & Leeds, A. M. (2003). Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1465–1487.

Lansing, K., Amen, D. G., Hanks, C., & Rudy, L. (2005). High-resolution brain SPECT imaging and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in police officers with PTSD. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 17, 526–532.

Largo–Marsh, L., & Spates, C.R. (2002). The effects of writing therapy in comparison to EMD/R on traumatic stress: the relationship between hypnotizability and client expectancy to outcome. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 581–586. 

Lazrove, S., Triffleman, E., Liliana, K., McGlashan, T., & Rounsaville B. (1998). An open trial of EMDR as treatment for chronic PTSD. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69, 601–608.

Lee, C., Gavriel, H., Drummond, P., Richards, J., & Greenwald, R. (2002). Treatment of PTSD: Stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure compared to EMDR. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1071–1089

Letizia, B., Fagiolini, A., & Castrogiovanni, P. (2007). Neuroanatomical changes after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 19, 475–476.

Lipke, H. J., & Botkin, A. L. (1992). Case studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with chronic post–traumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy, 22, 591–595.

Lohr, J. M., Kleinknecht, R. A., Conley, A. T., Dal Cerro, S., Schmidt, J., & Sonntag, M. E. (1992). A methodological critique of the current status of Eye Movement Desensitivization (EMD). Journal of Behavioural Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 23, 159–167.

Lohr, J. M., & Kleinknecht, R. A. (1996). An intensive design investigation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing of claustrophobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 73–88.

Lohr, J. M., Tolin, D. F., & Kleinknecht, R. A. (1995). Eye Movement Desensitization of medical phobias: two case studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 2, 141–151.

Lovett, J.  (1999). Small Wonders. Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: The Free Press.

Luber, M. (Ed.) (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing EMDR scripted protocols. Basics and special situations. Springer Publishing Company.

Macculloch, M. J, & Feldman, P. (1996). Eye movement desensitisation treatment utilises the positive visceral element of the investigatory reflex to inhibit the memories of post–traumatic stress disorder: a theoretical analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 571–579.

Macklin, M., Metzger, L., Lasko, N., Berry, N., Orr, S., & Pitman, R. (2000). Five–year follow–up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat–related postraumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41, 24–27.

Marcus, S. V., Marquis, P., & Sakai, C. (1997). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34, 307–315.

Marcus, S. V. (2008). An abortive treatment for migraine headaches. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 15–25.

Marquis, J, N. (1991).  A report on seventy–eight cases treated by eye movement desensitization, Journal of Behavioural Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 22, 187–192.

Maxfield, L. (2008). Current status and future directions for EMDR research. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1, 6–14.

Maxfield, L. (2008). EMDR treatment of recent events and community disasters. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 74–78.

Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. (2002). The relationship between efficacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 23–41.

Maxfield, L., Lake, K., & Hyer, L. (2004). Some answers to unanswered questions about the empirical support for EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. Traumatology, 10, 73–89.

Maxfield, L., & Melnyk, W.T. (2000). Single session treatment of test anxiety with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). International Journal of Stress Management, 7, 87–101.

McCann, D. L. (1992). Post–traumatic stress disorder due to devastating burns overcome by a single session of eye movement desensitization, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Psychiatry, 23, 319–323.

McCullough, L. (2003). Exploring change mechanisms in EMDR applied to “small–t trauma” in short term dynamic psychotherapy: Research questions and speculations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1531–1544.

McGoldrick, T., Begum, M., & Brown, K. W. (2008). EMDR and olfactory reference syndrome. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 63–68.

McNally, R., (in press). EMDR and Mesmerism: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders.

Metter, J., & Michelson, L. K. (1993). Theoretical, clinical, research, and ethical constraints of the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing technique. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 413–415.

Montgomery, R. W., & Ayllon, T. (1994). Eye movement desensitization across subjects: Subjective and physiological measures of treatment efficacy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 217–230.

Moris-Smith, J. (Ed.). (2002). EMDR: Clinical  Applications with Children. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.      

Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Holdrinet, I., & Sijsenaar, M. (1998). Treating phobic children: Effects of EMDR Versus Exposure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 66, 193–198.

Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of the American Academy of  Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 7–8.

Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., van Haaften, H., & Mayer, B. (1997). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo. A single–session crossover study of spider phobic children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 82–86.

Levin, P., Lazrove, S, & van der Kolk, B. (1999). What psychological testing and neuroimaging tell us about the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 159–172.

Nardo, D., Högberg, G., Looi, J. C. L., Larsson, S., Hällström, T, & Pagani, M. (2010). Gray matter density in limbic and paralimbic cortices is associated with trauma load and EMDR outcome in PTSD patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 477–485.

Nicosia, G.J. (1995). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is not hypnosis. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8, 69.

Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: randomized controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 224–231.

Of, D-J., & Choi, J. (2008). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1, 24–30.

Oras, R., de Ezpeleta, C., & Ahmad, A. (2005). Treatment of traumatized refugee children with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in a psychodynamic context. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58, 199–203.

Oswalt, R., Anderson, M., Hagstrom, K., & Berkowitz, B. (1993). Evaluation of the one–session eye–movement desensitization reprocessing procedure for eliminating traumatic memories. Psychological Reports, 73, 99–104.

Page, A. C., & Crino, R. D. (1993). Eye–movement desensitisation: a simple treatment for post–traumatic stress disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 288–293.

Pellicer, X. (1993). Eye movement desensitization treatment of a child's nightmares: a case report. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Psychiatry, 23, 319–323.

Perkins, B. R., & Rouanzoin, C. C. (2002). A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desentization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 77–97.

Pitman, R. K., Orr, S. P., Altman, B., Longpre, R. E., Poire, R. E., & Lasko, N. B. (1993). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization/reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for post–traumatic stress disorder. Paper presented at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May.

Pocock, D. (2011). The promise of EMDR in family and systemic psychotherapy: a clinical complement to Field and Cottrell. Journal of Family Therapy. 33, 389–399.

Poole, D. A., de Jongh, A., & Spector, J. (1999). Power therapies: evidence versus emotion a reply to Rosen, Lohr, McNally and Herbert. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27, 3–8.

Pottage, C. L., & Schaefer, A. (2011). Visual attention and emotional memory: Recall of aversive pictures is partially mediated by current task performance. American Psychological Association, 1–6.

Power, K., McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., Buchanan, R., Sharp, D., Swanson, V., & Karatzias, A. (2002). A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring versus waiting list in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9, 299–318.

Puffer, M. K., Greenwald, R., & Elrod, D. E. (1996, June). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Paper presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver.

Puk, G. (1991). Treating traumatic memories: a case report on the eye movement desensitization procedure, Journal of Behavioural Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 22, 149–151.

Raboni, M. R., Tufik, S., & Suchecki, D. (2006). Treatment of PTSD by eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) improves sleep quality, quality of life, and perception of stress. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1071, 508–513.

Rasolkhani, T., & Harper, M. L. (2006). EMDR and low frequency stimulation of the brain. Traumatology, 12, 9–24.   

Renfry, G., & Spates, C. R. (1994). Eye movement desensitization: A partial dismantling study. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25, 239– 239.

Ribchester, T., Yule, W., & Duncan, A. (2010). EMDR for childhood PTSD after road traffic accidents: Attentional, memory, and attributional processes. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4 (4), 138–147.

Ricci, R. J., & Clayton, C. A. (2008). Trauma resolution treatment as an adjunct to standard treatment for child molesters. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 41–50.

Rice, G. I. (1993). Eye movement desensitisation. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 701.

Richards, D. (1999). The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing debate: commentary on Rosen et Al. and Poole et al. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27, 13–17.

Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., de Roos, C., Meijer, A. M., & Stams, G. J. (2009). Efficacy of EMDR in children: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 599–606.

Rogers, S., & Silver, S. M. (2002). Is EMDR an exposure therapy? A Review of trauma protocols. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 43–59.

Rosen, G. M. (1995). On the origin of Eye Movement Desensitization. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 26, (2), 121–122.

Rosen, G. M., Lohr, J. M., McNally, R., & Herbert, J. D. (1998). Power therapies, miraculous claims, and the cures that fail. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 99–101.

Rosen, G. M., Lohr, J. M., McNally, R. J., & Herbert, J. D. (1999). Power therapies: Evidence vs miraculous claims. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27, 9–12.

Ross, R. J., Ball, W. A., Dinges, D. F., Kribbs, N. B., Morrison, A. R., Silver, S., M. & Mulvaney, F. D. (1994). Rapid eye movement sleep disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 35, 195–202.

Rothbaum, B. O. (1992). How does EMDR work ? [Letter to the Editor]. The Behavior Therapist, 15, 34.

Rothbaum, B. O. (1997). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61, 317–334.

Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M. C., & Marsteller, F. (2005). Prolonged exposure versus eye movement desensitization (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 607–616.

Rubin, A. (2004). Fallacies and deflections in debating the empirical support for EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: A reply to Maxfield, Lake & Hyer. Traumatology, 10, 91–105.

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